Variable Scope In For-loop And While-loop

I'm new in PHP, I don't understand why the final result of the code below is '233' instead of '231', isn't the $a in foreach is a temp variable?

Solution 1:

The $a on line 1 and the $a in the foreach() loop is one and the same object. And after the loop ends, $a has the value 3, which is echoed in the last statement. According to php.net:

For the most part all PHP variables only have a single scope.

Only in a function does the variable scope is different. This would produce your desired result '231':

$a = '1';
$c = array('2', '3');
functioniterate($temp)
{
    foreach($tempas$a)
        echo$a ;
}
iterate($c)
echo$a;

Because in the iterate() function, $a is independent of the $a of the calling code. More info: http://php.net/manual/en/language.variables.scope.php

Solution 2:

The $a in your foreach loop overrides the $a outside the loop.

Solution 3:

You have taken same name of variable in the foreach loop. your foreach is working as:

1. on first iteration: it assigning the value 2 means $c[0]'s value to $a.
2. on next iteration: it assigning the value 3 means $c[1]'s value to $a.
3. After that the value of $a has become 3 instead if 1.

That's why result is 233. not 231.

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